Restless Legs Syndrome Overview

Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a disorder usually occurring as you are trying to fall asleep at night.  RLS is characterized by an uncomfortable feeling in the legs that is ameliorated by moving the legs.  Post movement the uncomfortable sensation in the legs returns gradually increasing in intensity until there is an irresistible urge to move the legs again.  Then the cycle of uncomfortable feelings and movement repeats. The sensation in the legs can be difficult to describe.  Some common descriptors are:

• Creeping or crawling

• Tingling or "pins and needles"

• Pulling or tugging

• Aching or throbbing

• Electric shocks

 

An episode of RLS can last for several hours.  This leads to an inability to fall asleep resulting in sleep deprivation.  This sleep loss may lead to:

• Excessive daytime sleepiness

• Reduced concentration

• Memory lapses

• Poor decision making

• Microsleeps

• Irritability

• Heightened anxiety

• Mood swings

• Lack of motivation

• Fatigue and lethargy

• Reduced coordination

• Weakened immune system

• Appetite changes

 

Many people with RLS also experience involuntary leg twitching or kicking during sleep, occurring every 15 to 40 seconds known as Periodic Limb Movement Syndrome (PLMS). This can further disrupt sleep.

Estimates suggest that 5% to 12% of adults worldwide experience some form of RLS.  When RLS symptoms are defined as occurring at least twice a week with moderate-to-severe distress, the prevalence is lower (approximately 2% to 3%).  RLS is approximately twice as common in woman.

The good news is that treatments for RLS are available (see Treatments for RLS page). There are several different drugs to treat RLS.  A first line pharmacological treatment for RLS is Gabapentin enacarbil (Horizant). 

Low iron levels are associated with RLS. If you are experiencing RLS an iron studies blood test is recommended.  For the general population, a ferritin level of 30 ng/mL might be considered "normal."  However, for someone with RLS, medical guidelines often suggest keeping ferritin levels above 75 ng/mL or even 100 ng/mL to manage symptoms.  Iron supplements may be required.

Low vitamin B12, magnesium, vitamin D and vitamin C have all been identified as possible contributors to RLS.

This website is for information purposes only.  If you are experiencing, or suspect that you have RLS, discuss diagnostic and treatment options with your doctor.